Iron ore pellets are high-quality, iron-rich materials that play a crucial role in modern steel production, providing a consistent and efficient feedstock for both blast furnace and direct reduction (DR) processes. Crafted through an advanced pelletizing and induration process, these pellets are formed by blending finely milled iron ore concentrates with accurately measured binders and fluxes, such as bentonite and lime. This mixture is shaped into uniform spherical pellets and hardened at elevated temperatures to achieve optimal strength and metallurgical properties. The resulting pellets are notable for their high compressive strength, excellent abrasion resistance, low moisture content, and exceptional thermal stability, enabling them to endure the demanding conditions within furnaces without significant degradation. Their uniform size and smooth surfaces enhance bed permeability, supporting improved gas flow and more efficient reduction reactions. This leads to higher productivity, reduced fuel consumption, and more stable furnace operations. Moreover, iron ore pellets contribute to more sustainable steel production by reducing dust emissions, minimizing material wastage, and lowering the carbon footprint per ton of steel. They support better process control, ensure consistent product quality, and enhance operational efficiency. Owing to these benefits, iron ore pellets are extensively used in steel plants globally, forming a critical component in the production of high-quality steel for sectors such as construction, automotive manufacturing, machinery, infrastructure, and energy applications.